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Some strains of V. cholerae are pathogenic to humans and cause a deadly disease called cholera, which can be derived from the consumption of undercooked or raw marine life species or drinking contaminated water. [2] V. cholerae was first described by Félix-Archimède Pouchet in 1849 as some kind of protozoa.
If the severe diarrhea is not treated, it can result in life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. [17] Estimates of the ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic infections have ranged from 3 to 100. [19] Cholera has been nicknamed the "blue death" [20] because a person's skin may turn bluish-gray from extreme loss of fluids. [21]
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A cholera outbreak in Syria has already killed at least 33 people, posing a danger across the frontlines of the country's 11-year-long war and stirring fears in crowded camps for the displaced.
An example of a virus that uses the lysogenic cycle to its advantage is the Herpes Simplex Virus. [10] After first entering the lytic cycle and infecting a human host, it enters the lysogenic cycle. This allows it to travel to the nervous system's sensory neurons and remain undetected for long periods of time.
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These diagrams are used in many sanitation publications. [7] They are set up in a way that fecal–oral transmission pathways are shown to take place via water, hands, arthropods and soil. To make it easier to remember, words starting with the letter "F" are used for each of these pathways, namely fluids, fingers, flies , food, fields, fomites ...
An outbreak in North America took the life of former U.S. President James K. Polk. Cholera, believed spread from Irish immigrant ships from England, spread throughout the Mississippi river system, killing over 4,500 in St. Louis [18] and over 3,000 in New Orleans. [18] Thousands died in New York, a major destination for Irish immigrants. [18]