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  2. Interdependence theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdependence_theory

    Interdependence theory is a social exchange theory that states that interpersonal relationships are defined through interpersonal interdependence, which is "the process by which interacting people influence one another's experiences" [1] (Van Lange & Balliet, 2014, p. 65). The most basic principle of the theory is encapsulated in the equation I ...

  3. Positive interdependence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_interdependence

    David Johnson, Deutsch's student in the study of social psychology, with his brother Roger Johnson, a science educator, and their sister, educator Edye Johnson Holubec, further developed positive interdependence theory as part of their research and work in teacher and professional training at the Cooperative Learning Center at the University of Minnesota (founded in 1969).

  4. Community (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_(ecology)

    A bear with a salmon. Interspecific interactions such as predation are a key aspect of community ecology.. In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage.

  5. List of people considered father or mother of a scientific field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_considered...

    The following is a list of people who are considered a "father" or "mother" (or "founding father" or "founding mother") of a scientific field.Such people are generally regarded to have made the first significant contributions to and/or delineation of that field; they may also be seen as "a" rather than "the" father or mother of the field.

  6. Systems theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory

    Systems theory is the transdisciplinary [1] study of systems, i.e. cohesive groups of interrelated, interdependent components that can be natural or artificial.Every system has causal boundaries, is influenced by its context, defined by its structure, function and role, and expressed through its relations with other systems.

  7. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.

  8. Types of social groups - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_Social_Groups

    Examples include study groups, sports teams, schoolmates, attorney-client, doctor-patient, coworkers, etc. Cooley had made the distinction between primary and secondary groups, by noting that the term for the latter refers to relationships that generally develop later in life, likely with much less influence on one’s identity than primary groups.

  9. Social group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_group

    In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. [1] [2] Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group.