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Given there are six bases of power studied in the communication field, it is very important to know the situational uses of each power, focusing on when each is most effective. According to French and Raven, "it is of particular practical interest to know what bases of power or which power strategies are most likely to be effective, but it is ...
Examples include spreading rumors, talking behind someone's back, and withholding important information. [5] Such actions can negatively impact social groupings, cooperation, information sharing, and other organizational functions. [6] It is crucial to manage organizational politics to create a conducive political landscape. [citation needed]
In political science, power is the ability to influence or direct the actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors. [1] [2] [3] Power does not exclusively refer to the threat or use of force by one actor against another, but may also be exerted through diffuse means (such as institutions).
The procurement of external resources is an important tenet of both the strategic and tactical management of any company. Nevertheless, a theory of the consequences of this importance was not formalized until the 1970s, with the publication of The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978 ...
In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relations in society.In its contemporary form in the 21st century, elite theory posits that (1) power in larger societies, especially nation-states, is concentrated at the top in relatively small elites; (2) power "flows predominantly in a top-down direction from ...
Clearly not all middle powers are of equal status; some are members of forums such as the G20 and play important roles in the United Nations and other international organisations such as the WTO. [46] Small power: The International System is for the most part made up by small powers. They are instruments of the other powers and may at times be ...
Michels observed that since no sufficiently large and complex organization can function purely as a direct democracy, power within an organization will always get delegated to individuals within that group, elected or otherwise. As he put it in Political Parties, "It is organization which gives dominion of the elected over the electors ...
Joan Acker identified how organizations can embed gender into organizational cultures, practices, structures, interactions, identity, and organizational logic. [128]. Acker’s work initiated a great deal of theoretical interest, but empirical studies using the gendered organization theory are still emerging. [129]