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Oliver Red Cloud (1919–2013) [21] (son of Charles Red Cloud), leader of the Oglala Lakota (1979–2013). [22] He was a fourth-generation direct descendant of Red Cloud. He was a Speaker of the traditional Lakota Sioux Nation and a chairman of the Black Hills Sioux Nation Treaty Council.
Ahpeahtone was born in about 1856 near Medicine Lodge, Kansas. [1] His Kiowa name, also spelled Apeahtone or Ah-pe-a-ton, means "Wooden Lance" [2] or "Kills With a Lance". His lineage includes several noted Kiowa leaders and warriors.
In 1860, Lieutenant Henry E. Maynadier, who later became the commandant at Fort Laramie, recognized Red Cloud as one of Old Chief Smoke's sons, a Wagluhe. Yet, in reality, whenever the Oglalas were seriously threatened, Red Cloud would become the de facto chief of the Ite Sica (Bad Faces). [8]
The Great Sioux Reservation was broken up into five portions. This caused the Red Cloud Agency to be moved multiple times throughout the 1870s until it was relocated and renamed the Pine Ridge Reservation in 1878. By 1890, the reservation included 5,537 people, divided into a number of districts that included some 30 distinct communities.
A group of some 18 soldiers retreated on foot trying to reach some rocks for defense, but they were cut off and killed by overcoming warriors led by Red Cloud, [citation needed] a rising war chief within the Oglala Sioux. One of Grattan's soldiers survived the immediate situation but later died of his wounds. [11]
Red Cloud Maȟpíya Lúta. Grant's Peace policy received a boost when Chief of the Oglala Sioux Red Cloud, Maȟpíya Lúta, and Brulé Sioux Spotted Tail, Siŋté Glešká, arrived in Washington D.C. and met Grant at the White House for a bountiful state dinner on May 7, 1870. Red Cloud, at a previous meeting with Secretary Cox and Commissioner ...
In 1881, the Otoe Agency moved to Red Rock in Indian Territory, when the US removed the Otoe-Missouria to that area for settlement on a reservation. Its agents included Jesse W. Griest, serving from April 1, 1873; Robert S. Gardner from June 16, 1880; and Lewellyn E. Woodin from July 21, 1880.
Bust of Chief Red Cloud created by Jim Brothers in 2001 for the Nebraska Hall of Fame. Six bronzes for the National D-Day Memorial (including Across The Beach, [3] Death On The Shore, Scaling The Heights) in Bedford, Virginia; Works at the National VFW Memorial (including Citizen Soldier) in Washington D.C. Mark Twain life-size in Hartford ...