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  2. Lye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lye

    "Hot process" soap making also uses lye as the main ingredient. Lye is added to water, cooled for a few minutes and then added to oils and butters. The mixture is then cooked over a period of time (1–2 hours), typically in a slow cooker , and then placed into a mold.

  3. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    Soap Naturally: Ingredients, methods and recipes for natural handmade soap. Online information and Table of Contents. ISBN 978-0-9756764-0-0/ Garzena, Patrizia, and Marina Tadiello (2013). The Natural Soapmaking Handbook. Online information and Table of Contents. ISBN 978-0-9874995-0-9/ Mohr, Merilyn (1979). The Art of Soap Making. A ...

  4. Melt and pour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_and_pour

    Some soapmakers prefer "melt and pour" because the process is simple and safe, allowing the soapmaker to concentrate more on the aesthetic aspects of soap making. Because it avoids the need to handle lye , a hazardous and very caustic chemical, it is a hobby even children can enjoy under adult supervision.

  5. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    Typically aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions are used. [1] [2] It is an important type of alkaline hydrolysis. When the carboxylate is long chain, its salt is called a soap. The saponification of ethyl acetate gives sodium acetate and ethanol: C 2 H 5 O 2 CCH 3 + NaOH → C 2 H 5 OH + NaO 2 CCH 3

  6. Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide

    [54] [55] The recipe called for passing water repeatedly through a mixture of alkali (Arabic: al-qily, where qily is ash from saltwort plants, which are rich in sodium; hence alkali was impure sodium carbonate) [56] and quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO), whereby a solution of sodium hydroxide was obtained. European soap makers also followed this ...

  7. Aleppo soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_soap

    Aleppo soap (also known as savon d'Alep, laurel soap, Syrian soap, or ghar soap, the Arabic word غَار, meaning 'laurel') is a handmade, hard bar soap associated with the city of Aleppo, Syria. Aleppo soap is classified as a Castile soap as it is a hard soap made from olive oil and lye , from which it is distinguished by the inclusion of ...

  8. Saltwater soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltwater_soap

    Saltwater soap, also called sailors' soap, is a potassium-based soap for use with seawater. Inexpensive common commercial soap will not lather or dissolve in seawater due to high levels of sodium chloride in the water. Similarly, common soap does not work as well as potassium-based soap in hard water where calcium replaces the sodium, making ...

  9. Ivory (soap) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_(soap)

    Ivory Soap, 1800s. The original Ivory bar soap was whipped with air in its production and floated in water, although P&G discontinued this version of the soap in 2023, and the new version no longer floats. According to an apocryphal story, later discounted by the company, a worker accidentally left the mixing machine on too long, and the ...

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