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GPS Exchange Format (GPX) is an XML schema designed as a common GPS data format for software applications. It can be used to describe waypoints, tracks, and routes.It is an open format [2] and can be used without the need to pay license fees.
Comma-separated values (CSV) is a text file format that uses commas to separate values, and newlines to separate records. A CSV file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text, where each line of the file typically represents one data record. Each record consists of the same number of fields, and these are separated by commas in the ...
However, a single patron may be able to check out multiple books. Therefore, the information about which books are checked out to which patrons may be represented by an associative array, in which the books are the keys and the patrons are the values. Using notation from Python or JSON, the data structure would be:
A small phone book as a hash table. In computer science, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. [2]
This is a list of free and open-source software packages , computer software licensed under free software licenses and open-source licenses. Software that fits the Free Software Definition may be more appropriately called free software ; the GNU project in particular objects to their works being referred to as open-source . [ 1 ]
OpenStreetMap (abbreviated OSM) is a free, open map database updated and maintained by a community of volunteers via open collaboration. [4] Contributors collect data from surveys, trace from aerial photo imagery or satellite imagery, and import from other freely licensed geodata sources.
XML separates "data" from "metadata" (via the use of elements and attributes), while JSON does not have such a concept. Another key difference is the addressing of values. JSON has objects with a simple "key" to "value" mapping, whereas in XML addressing happens on "nodes", which all receive a unique ID via the XML processor.
In Haskell, the polymorphic function map :: (a -> b) -> [a] -> [b] is generalized to a polytypic function fmap :: Functor f => (a -> b) -> f a -> f b, which applies to any type belonging the Functor type class. The type constructor of lists [] can be defined as an instance of the Functor type class using the map function from the previous example: