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Bullying, one form of which is depicted in this staged photograph, is detrimental to students' well-being and development. [1]School bullying, like bullying outside the school context, refers to one or more perpetrators who have greater physical strength or more social power than their victim and who repeatedly act aggressively toward their victim.
The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) does not refer specifically to school-related violence or to violence between peers, as it can occur between a student and “a total stranger, a parent of other adult family member, a brother or sister, a boyfriend or girlfriend or date, a friend or someone known by the student”.
Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties. [ 56 ] [ 75 ] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects. [ 76 ]
Most studies of relational aggression have involved children or adolescents; the study of relational aggression in adults presents problems. [15] Relational aggression is a common aspect of workplace bullying, and is a characteristic behaviour of psychopaths in the workplace, so it is commonplace amongst adults as well as children. [16]
The book examines the phenomena of bullying, particularly amongst students, including taunting, tormenting, and aggressive behavior by stronger students against weaker students. It describes the key players as well as the problems and possible solutions in dealing with them.
There is a strong positive relationship between engaging in bullying behaviors and having been victimized by bullying behaviors. [7] [8] This is both a common finding in review of the research and is in tune with what is commonly observed during human adolescence; often victims of bullying go on to become bullies themselves.
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The magnitude of the effect on their behavior and mental health is heavily correlated with the situation of the victimization and the child's social environment at the time. Schwartz et al. (1998) investigated the role of victimization in the development of children's behavior problems, focusing on both internalizing and externalizing problems.