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  2. Four causes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_causes

    Aristotle says, for example, that the ratio 2:1, and number in general, is the formal cause of the octave. ... Aitia as generative factor in Aristotle's philosophy;

  3. Causality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality

    For example, in Aristotle's efficient causal explanation, an action can be a cause while an enduring object is its effect. For example, the generative actions of his parents can be regarded as the efficient cause, with Socrates being the effect, Socrates being regarded as an enduring object, in philosophical tradition called a 'substance', as ...

  4. Aristotle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle

    Aristotle suggested that the reason for anything coming about can be attributed to four different types of simultaneously active factors. His term aitia is traditionally translated as "cause", but it does not always refer to temporal sequence; it might be better translated as "explanation", but the traditional rendering will be employed here.

  5. Aristotelianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotelianism

    Aristotelianism (/ ˌ ær ɪ s t ə ˈ t iː l i ə n ɪ z əm / ARR-i-stə-TEE-lee-ə-niz-əm) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics.

  6. Rhetoric (Aristotle) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_(Aristotle)

    Aristotle says rhetoric is the counterpart (antistrophe) of dialectic. [1]: I.1.1–2 He explains the similarities between the two but fails to comment on the differences. Here he introduces the term enthymeme. [1]: I.1.3 Chapter Two Aristotle defines rhetoric as the ability in a particular case to see the available means of persuasion.

  7. Potentiality and actuality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiality_and_actuality

    Aristotle says the word can be made clear by looking at examples rather than trying to find a definition. [15] Two examples of energeiai in Aristotle's works are pleasure and happiness . Pleasure is an energeia of the human body and mind whereas happiness is more simply the energeia of a human being a human. [16]

  8. Unmoved mover - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmoved_mover

    [28] Aristotle concludes that the number of all the movers equals the number of separate movements, and we can determine these by considering the mathematical science most akin to philosophy, i.e., astronomy. Although the mathematicians differ on the number of movements, Aristotle considers that the number of celestial spheres would

  9. A priori and a posteriori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_priori_and_a_posteriori

    Examples include mathematics, [i] tautologies and deduction from pure reason. [ii] A posteriori knowledge depends on empirical evidence. Examples include most fields of science and aspects of personal knowledge. The terms originate from the analytic methods found in Organon, a collection of works by Aristotle.