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Rosin (/ ˈ r ɒ z ɪ n /), also known as colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix graeca), is a resinous material obtained from pine trees and other plants, mostly conifers. The primary components of rosin are diterpenoids, i.e., C 20 carboxylic acids. Rosin consists mainly of resin acids, especially abietic acid. [1]
In Canada, where mills process Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) in interior British Columbia and Alberta, Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana), Alberta to Quebec and Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) and Red Pine (Pinus resinosa), Ontario to New Brunswick, resin acid levels of 25% are common with unsaponifiable contents of 12-25%. Similar variations may ...
Pimaric acid is a carboxylic acid that is classified as a resin acid. It is a major component of the rosin obtained from pine trees. [1] [2] When heated above 100 °C, pimaric acid converts to abietic acid, which it usually accompanies in mixtures like rosin. It is soluble in alcohols, acetone, and ethers. The compound is colorless, but almost ...
Levopimaric acid is an abietane-type of diterpene resin acid. [1] It is a major constituent of pine oleoresin with the chemical formula of C 20 H 30 O 2.In general, the abietene types of diterpene resin acid have various biological activities, such as antibacterial, cardiovascular and antioxidant.
A common induced defense mechanism used by Pinaceae is resins. [31] Resins are also one of the primary defenses used against attack. [24] Resins are short term defenses that are composed of a complex combination of volatile mono- (C 10) and sesquiterpenes (C 15) and nonvolatile diterpene resin acids (C 20).
The composition of crude tall oil varies a great deal, depending on the type of wood used. A common quality measure for tall oil is acid number.With pure pines it is possible to have acid numbers in the range 160–165, while mills using a mix of softwoods and hardwoods might give acid numbers in the range of 125–135.
Abietic acid is considered a "nonhazardous natural substance" in tall oil ("liquid rosin"). [5] In the U.S., abietic acid is listed in the inventory of the Toxic Substances Control Act. Abietic acid is the primary irritant in pine wood and resin. As a contact allergen [9] it is the cause of abietic acid dermatitis.
Pitch produced from petroleum may be called bitumen or asphalt, while plant-derived pitch, a resin, is known as rosin in its solid form. Tar is sometimes used interchangeably with pitch, but generally refers to a more liquid substance derived from coal production, including coal tar, or from plants, as in pine tar. [2]