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In mathematics, a dual system, dual pair or a duality over a field is a triple (,,) consisting of two vector spaces, and , over and a non-degenerate bilinear map:. In mathematics , duality is the study of dual systems and is important in functional analysis .
In algebra, the dual numbers are a hypercomplex number system first introduced in the 19th century. They are expressions of the form a + bε, where a and b are real numbers, and ε is a symbol taken to satisfy = with .
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Miller–Bravais indices. With hexagonal and rhombohedral lattice systems, it is possible to use the Bravais–Miller system, which uses four indices (h k i ℓ) that obey the constraint h + k + i = 0. Here h, k and ℓ are identical to the corresponding Miller indices, and i is a redundant index.
The Lehmer random number generator [1] (named after D. H. Lehmer), sometimes also referred to as the Park–Miller random number generator (after Stephen K. Park and Keith W. Miller), is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that operates in multiplicative group of integers modulo n. The general formula is
Miller's recurrence algorithm is a procedure for the backward calculation of a rapidly decreasing solution of a three-term recurrence relation developed by J. C. P ...
Miller projection with 1,000 km indicatrices of distortion. The Miller cylindrical projection is a modified Mercator projection , proposed by Osborn Maitland Miller in 1942. The latitude is scaled by a factor of 4 ⁄ 5 , projected according to Mercator, and then the result is multiplied by 5 ⁄ 4 to retain scale along the equator. [ 1 ]
There is also a dual version of Miller theorem that is based on Kirchhoff's current law (Miller theorem for currents): if there is a branch in a circuit with impedance connecting a node, where two currents and converge to ground, we can replace this branch by two conducting the referred currents, with impedances respectively equal to (+) and ...