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Partial nephrectomy has been shown to maintain kidney function better than total removal. [23] There is some debate whether this preservation of kidney function leads to long-term benefits to the patient. [28] Some studies have found that patients treated by partial nephrectomy live longer than patients who had their whole kidney removed. [23]
Treatment of these underlying conditions may address ventilation perfusion mismatch. [citation needed] Management of the condition may vary. If ventilation is abnormal or low, increasing the tidal volume or the rate may result in the poorly ventilated area receiving an adequate amount of air, which ultimately leads to an improved V/Q ratio.
Transtracheal jet ventilation refers to a type of high-frequency ventilation, low tidal volume ventilation provided via a laryngeal catheter by specialized ventilators that are usually only available in the operating room or intensive care unit. This procedure is occasionally employed in the operating room when a difficult airway is anticipated.
The partial nephrectomy involves the removal of the affected tissue only, sparing the rest of the kidney, Gerota's fascia and the regional lymph nodes. This allows for more renal preservation as compared to the radical nephrectomy, and this can have positive long-term health benefits. [74]
Compared to the lungs' apex, the ventilation rate is 50% greater at the base. The V/Q ratio in the apex is roughly 3.3 and 0.63 in the base, which indicates that perfusion is greater than ventilation towards the base, and the ventilation rate is greater than perfusion towards the apex. [3]
Most current estimates of perioperative mortality range from 1 death in 53 anesthetics to 1 in 5,417 anesthetics. [27] [28] The incidence of perioperative mortality that is directly attributable to anesthesia ranges from 1 in 6,795 to 1 in 200,200 anesthetics. [27] There are some studies however that report a much lower mortality rate.
Percutaneous nephrostomy is overall a very safe procedure. [8] Risks and complications include: [8] Malposition; Intra-peritoneal leakage, causing ascites; Hemorrhage; Infection. This can generally be treated with antibiotics. Although pneumothorax and colonic injury are more common on subcostal needle insertion, these are rare complications. [6]
Compared to other common types of RCC, PRCC exhibits a relatively lower risk of tumor recurrence and cancer-related death after nephrectomy. [48] Specifically, the cancer-specific survival rate at five years following surgery with PRCC has reached up to 91%, while clear cell RCC and chromophobe RCC were 72% and 88%, respectively. [46]