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A wide variety of HPV types can cause genital warts, but types 6 and 11 together account for about 90% of all cases. [35] [36] However, in total more than 40 types of HPV are transmitted through sexual contact and can infect the skin of the anus and genitals. [4] Such infections may cause genital warts, although they may also remain asymptomatic.
The cause of CIN is chronic infection of the cervix with HPV, especially infection with high-risk HPV types 16 or 18. It is thought that the high-risk HPV infections have the ability to inactivate tumor suppressor genes such as the p53 gene and the RB gene, thus allowing the infected cells to grow unchecked and accumulate successive mutations, eventually leading to cancer.
This is associated with carcinogenic genotypes of HPV and/or HPV persistence factors such as cigarette smoking or immunocompromised states. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia also known as VIN Simplex: is associated with vulvar dermatoses such as lichen sclerosus. It is associated with atypia of the squamous epithelium. [4] [5]
A squamous cell papilloma is a generally benign papilloma that arises from the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, lip, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, cervix, vagina or anal canal.
HPV types 16 and 18 are the cause of 75% of cervical cancer cases globally, while 31 and 45 are the causes of another 10%. [45] Women who have multiple sexual partners, or have partners who have multiple sexual partners, regardless of sex are at higher risk of cervical cancer. [46] [47]
A 12-week daily treatment with salicylic acid has been shown to lead to a complete clearance of warts in 10–15% of the cases. [ 16 ] Formic acid , topical, is a common treatment for plantar warts, which works by being applied over a period of time, causing the body to reject the wart.
Treating sexual partners for possible STIs can help in treatment and prevention. [11] There should be no wait for STI results to start treatment. Treatment should not be avoided for longer than 2-3 days due to increasing the risk of infertility. [35] For women with PID of mild to moderate severity, parenteral and oral therapies appear to be ...
Molluscum contagiosum (MC), sometimes called water warts, is a viral infection of the skin that results in small raised pink lesions with a dimple in the center. [1] They may become itchy or sore, and occur singularly or in groups. [1]
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