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Pashtunistan (Pashto: پښتونستان, lit. 'land of the Pashtuns ') [ 4 ] or Pakhtunistan is a historical region on the crossroads of Central and South Asia , located on the Iranian Plateau , inhabited by the Pashtun people of southern and eastern Afghanistan [ 5 ] and northwestern Pakistan , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] wherein Pashtun culture , the Pashto ...
Pashtuns (/ ˈ p ʌ ʃ ˌ t ʊ n /, / ˈ p ɑː ʃ ˌ t ʊ n /, / ˈ p æ ʃ ˌ t uː n /; Pashto: پښتانه, romanized: Pəx̌tānə́; [18]), also known as Pakhtuns, [19] or Pathans, [d] are a nomadic, [23] [24] [25] pastoral, [26] [27] eastern Iranic ethnic group [19] primarily residing in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan.
The following is a list of Pashtun or Afghan empires and dynasties. It includes states, princely states, empires and dynasties in the regions of Central, Western and South Asia which were founded by rulers or dynasties of Pashtun origin.
The Pashtun people, who are classified as an Iranian ethnolinguistic group, are believed to have settled in the traditional Pashtunistan region around the early 1st millennium CE. [13] [14] According to Ethnologue, the total Pashtun population currently stands at around 30 million, [15] but some sources give slightly lower or higher figures.
Some Pashtunization attempts were later made in the early part of the 20th century by the Musahiban. [18] [19] Many non-Pashtuns living in close proximity with Pashtuns have been Pashtunized. [5]
The eastern parts of Pashtunistan was ruled by the Mughal Empire, while the western parts were ruled by the Persian Safavids as their easternmost provinces. [citation needed] During the early 18th century, Pashtun tribes led by Mirwais Hotak successfully revolted against the Safavids in the city of Kandahar.
Pashtun culture (Pashto: پښتون کلتور) is based on Pashtunwali, as well as speaking of the Pashto language and wearing Pashtun dress.. Pashtunwali and Islam are the two main factors which make the baseline for the social behavior in Pashtun society. [1]
The Pashtun tribes (Pashto: پښتانه قبايل), are tribes of the Pashtun people, a large Eastern Iranian ethnic group who speak the Pashto language and follow Pashtunwali, the social code of conduct for Pashtuns.