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[55] [56] [57] Bromine is the tenth most abundant element in seawater. [58] The main sources of bromine production are Israel and Jordan. [59] The element is liberated by halogen exchange, using chlorine gas to oxidise Br − to Br 2. This is then removed with a blast of steam or air, and is then condensed and purified. [60]
The halogens form many binary, diamagnetic interhalogen compounds with stoichiometries XY, XY 3, XY 5, and XY 7 (where X is heavier than Y), and bromine is no exception. Bromine forms a monofluoride and monochloride, as well as a trifluoride and pentafluoride. Some cationic and anionic derivatives are also characterised, such as BrF − 2, BrCl ...
The halogens (/ ˈ h æ l ə dʒ ə n, ˈ h eɪ-,-l oʊ-,-ˌ dʒ ɛ n / [1] [2] [3]) are a group in the periodic table consisting of six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and the radioactive elements astatine (At) and tennessine (Ts), though some authors [4] would exclude tennessine as its chemistry is unknown and is theoretically expected to ...
In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1]
It reacts with many metals and metal oxides to form similar ionised entities; with other metals, it forms the metal fluoride plus free bromine and oxygen; and with water, it forms hydrofluoric acid and hydrobromic acid. It is used in organic chemistry as a fluorinating agent. It has the same molecular shape as chlorine trifluoride.
Bromine's chemistry is linked to other halogens such as chlorine and iodine amplify atmospheric cycling that contributes to troposphere and stratosphere ozone layer destruction. Figure modified from Saiz-Lopez, A., von Glasow, R., 2012. Reactive halogen chemistry in the troposphere.
In organic chemistry, free-radical halogenation is a type of halogenation. This chemical reaction is typical of alkanes and alkyl -substituted aromatics under application of UV light . The reaction is used for the industrial synthesis of chloroform (CHCl 3 ), dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ), and hexachlorobutadiene .
A halogen lamp (also called tungsten halogen, quartz-halogen, and quartz iodine lamp) is an incandescent lamp consisting of a tungsten filament sealed in a compact transparent envelope that is filled with a mixture of an inert gas and a small amount of a halogen, such as iodine or bromine. The combination of the halogen gas and the tungsten ...