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In number theory, a self number or Devlali number in a given number base is a natural number that cannot be written as the sum of any other natural number and the individual digits of . 20 is a self number (in base 10), because no such combination can be found (all < give a result less than 20; all other give a result greater than 20). 21 is not, because it can be written as 15 + 1 + 5 using n ...
Another class of numbers Kaprekar described are Kaprekar numbers. [10] A Kaprekar number is a positive integer with the property that if it is squared, then its representation can be partitioned into two positive integer parts whose sum is equal to the original number (e.g. 45, since 45 2 =2025, and 20+25=45, also 9, 55, 99 etc.)
A generalization of the self-descriptive numbers, called the autobiographical numbers, allow fewer digits than the base, as long as the digits that are included in the number suffice to completely describe it. e.g. in base 10, 3211000 has 3 zeros, 2 ones, 1 two, and 1 three. Note that this depends on being allowed to include as many trailing ...
Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics."
For example, 21, 4, 0, and −2048 are integers, while 9.75, 5 + 1 / 2 , 5/4, and √ 2 are not. [8] The integers form the smallest group and the smallest ring containing the natural numbers. In algebraic number theory, the integers are sometimes qualified as rational integers to distinguish them from the more general algebraic integers.
Skip ahead to Question 5. YES. For bases 1 < b < 17, compute f(N). For each True award b points. For each False deduct bN points. 5. Does the sequence of numbers with f(N) = True in Sloane's OEIS specifically list Number N in its Sequence or Signed field? YES. Award the A-number of the sequence as points. NO. Skip to question 7. 6.
In its most general formulation, there is a multiset of integers and a target-sum , and the question is to decide whether any subset of the integers sum to precisely . [1] The problem is known to be NP-complete. Moreover, some restricted variants of it are NP-complete too, for example: [1]
In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. [1] It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet 's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L -functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions .