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The launch of Astra 1E and subsequent satellites saw the first use by Astra of the BSS band of frequencies (11.70–12.75 GHz) for new digital services and required the introduction of an LNB that would receive the whole frequency range 10.70–12.75 GHz, the universal LNB. A universal LNB has a switchable local oscillator frequency of 9.75/10. ...
The International Telecommunication Union defines frequency allocation as being of "a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions". [2] Frequency allocation is also a special term, used in national frequency ...
A key characteristic of bandwidth is that any band of a given width can carry the same amount of information, regardless of where that band is located in the frequency spectrum. [a] For example, a 3 kHz band can carry a telephone conversation whether that band is at baseband (as in a POTS telephone line) or modulated to some higher frequency ...
In communications, a system is wideband when the message bandwidth significantly exceeds the coherence bandwidth of the channel.Some communication links have such a high data rate that they are forced to use a wide bandwidth; other links may have relatively low data rates, but deliberately use a wider bandwidth than "necessary" for that data rate in order to gain other advantages; see spread ...
A radio band is a small frequency band (a contiguous section of the range of the radio spectrum) in which channels are usually used or set aside for the same purpose. To prevent interference and allow for efficient use of the radio spectrum, similar services are allocated in bands.
FM channel 200, 87.9 MHz, overlaps TV 6. This is used only by K200AA.; TV 6 analog audio can be heard on FM 87.75 on most broadcast radio receivers as well as on a European TV tuned to channel E4A or channel IC, but at lower volume than wideband FM broadcast stations, because of the lower deviation.
In Europe, for example, there are monoblock single, twin, and quad LNBs for the K u band, which have a pre-defined spacing of 6 degrees (for Astra 19.2°E/Hot Bird 13°E). In March 2007, a new type of monoblock, called the Duo LNB was introduced by CanalDigitaal in the Netherlands for the simultaneous reception of Astra 19.2°E / Astra 23.5°E ...
a frequency translator (normally composed of an oscillator and a frequency mixer) used to convert the frequency of the received signal to the frequency required for the transmitted signal, an output band-pass filter, a power amplifier (this can be a traveling-wave tube or a solid-state amplifier).