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Squares of odd numbers are odd, and are congruent to 1 modulo 8, since (2n + 1) 2 = 4n(n + 1) + 1, and n(n + 1) is always even. In other words, all odd square numbers have a remainder of 1 when divided by 8. Every odd perfect square is a centered octagonal number. The difference between any two odd perfect squares is a multiple of 8.
Bernard Frénicle de Bessy (c. 1604 – 1674), was a French mathematician born in Paris, who wrote numerous mathematical papers, mainly in number theory and combinatorics.He is best remembered for Des quarrez ou tables magiques, a treatise on magic squares published posthumously in 1693, in which he described all 880 essentially different normal magic squares of order 4.
Apart from the trivial case of the first order square, most-perfect magic squares are all of order 4n. In their book, Kathleen Ollerenshaw and David S. Brée give a method of construction and enumeration of all most-perfect magic squares. They also show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between reversible squares and most-perfect magic ...
Dixon's method is based on finding a congruence of squares modulo the integer N which is intended to factor. Fermat's factorization method finds such a congruence by selecting random or pseudo-random x values and hoping that the integer x 2 mod N is a perfect square (in the integers):
Square packing in a square is the problem of determining the maximum number of unit squares (squares of side length one) that can be packed inside a larger square of side length . If a {\displaystyle a} is an integer , the answer is a 2 , {\displaystyle a^{2},} but the precise – or even asymptotic – amount of unfilled space for an arbitrary ...
The square of mn, mn being a two-digit integer, can be calculated as 10 × m(mn + n) + n 2. Meaning the square of mn can be found by adding n to mn, multiplied by m, adding 0 to the end and finally adding the square of n. For example, 23 2: 23 2 = 10 × 2(23 + 3) + 3 2 = 10 × 2(26) + 9 = 520 + 9 = 529. So 23 2 = 529.
Super Bowl Squares are the second most popular office sports betting tradition in the United States (No. 1: March Madness brackets), maybe because the outcome is based entirely on luck.
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...