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Figure 1.0 - Basic anatomical features of the human eye. Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation. Topical formulations are used to combat a multitude of diseased states of the eye. These states may include bacterial infections, eye injury, glaucoma, and dry eye. [1]
A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
An eye ointment is routinely recommended after delivery to prevent eye infections in the newborn. [4] Common side effects include abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. [1] More serious side effects may include Clostridioides difficile colitis, liver problems, prolonged QT, and allergic reactions. [1]
Bacitracin/polymyxin B (trade name Polysporin among others) is a topical antibiotic cream or ointment. [1] The active ingredients are polymyxin B, bacitracin and occasionally garamycin or gramicidin.
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. [6] By mouth or by injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. [5]
Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin, also known as triple antibiotic ointment, is an antibiotic medication used to reduce the risk of infections following minor skin injuries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It contains the three antibiotics neomycin , polymyxin B , and bacitracin . [ 1 ]
Credé prophylaxis is the practice of washing a newborn's eyes with a 2% silver nitrate solution to protect against neonatal conjunctivitis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, thereby preventing blindness.
Antibiotic ointment is typically applied to the newborn's eyes within 1 hour of birth as prevention for gonococcal ophthalmia. [3] This practice is recommended for all newborns and most hospitals in the United States are required by state law to apply eye drops or ointment soon after birth to prevent the disease. [4] [5]