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Within the medical specialty of hematology, Hemoglobin D-Punjab, also known as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, [1] D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago, [2] is a hemoglobin variant. It originates from a point mutation in the human β-globin locus and is one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. [ 1 ]
Hemoglobin D (HbD) is a variant of hemoglobin, a protein complex that makes up red blood cells.Based on the locations of the original identification, it has been known by several names such as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, hemoglobin D-Punjab, [1] D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago. [2]
Hemoglobin D/ beta thalassemia: common in the northwestern parts of India and Pakistan (Punjab region). [33] Hemoglobin E/ beta thalassemia: common in Cambodia, Thailand, and parts of India, it is clinically similar to β thalassemia major or β thalassemia intermedia. [34]
Hemoglobin is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transportation of oxygen in red blood cells. [36] Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the other tissues of the body, where it releases the oxygen to enable metabolism. A healthy level of hemoglobin for men is between 13.2 and 16.6 grams per deciliter, and in women ...
Pakistani surnames are divided into three categories: Islamic naming convention, cultural names and ancestral names. In Pakistan a person is either referred by his or her Islamic name or from tribe name (if it is specified), respectively.
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Punjabi culture grew out of the settlements along the five rivers (the name Punjab, is derived from two Persian words, Panj meaning "Five" and Âb meaning "Water") which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE. [1]
There are several titles used in Pakistan and other Muslim countries. Syed, Shaikh, Khawaja, Pasha, Malik etc. are common. Less commonly, the tribal name itself is appended to the person's given names. For females, tribal names or titles rarely figure in the person's full name although it has become more common due to Western influence.