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Kernohan's notch is a cerebral peduncle indentation associated with some forms of transtentorial herniation (uncal herniation). [1] [2] It is a secondary condition caused by a primary injury on the opposite hemisphere of the brain. [3]
Treatment involves removal of the etiologic mass and decompressive craniectomy. Brain herniation can cause severe disability or death. In fact, when herniation is visible on a CT scan, the prognosis for a meaningful recovery of neurological function is poor. [2]
This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass. [ citation needed ] The pathophysiological mechanism is uncertain [ 7 ] but is probably caused by the displacement of the brainstem stretching and tearing perforating branches of the basilar artery to the pons; venous ...
This image is a derivative work of the following images: Brain herniation types.svg licensed with Cc-by-sa-3.0, Cc-by-sa-3.0-migrated, GFDL 2009-09-16T11:27:51Z RupertMillard 619x684 (379260 Bytes) Reverted to version as of 21:08, 5 March 2008 - better to replace with new image to avoid breaks
Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological nervous system response to increased intracranial pressure (ICP) that results in Cushing's triad of increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and bradycardia. [1]
Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [1]
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Treatment is generally by urgent surgery in the form of a craniotomy or burr hole, [1] or (in the case of a spinal epidural hematoma) laminotomy with spinal decompression. The condition occurs in one to four percent of head injuries. [1] Typically it occurs in young adults. [1] Males are more often affected than females. [1]