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The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting essential steps in the bacterial cell wall synthesis which in the end results in osmotic lysis and death of the bacterial cell. [2] Cephalosporins are widely used antibiotics because of their clinical efficiency and desirable safety profile. [3]
Thus, consumption of alcohol after taking these cephalosporin orally or intravenously is contraindicated, and in severe cases can lead to death. [18] The methylthiodioxotriazine sidechain found in ceftriaxone has a similar effect. Cephalosporins without these structural elements are believed to be safe with alcohol. [19]
The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that of the penicillins, excretion being principally renal. Cephalosporins penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid poorly unless the meninges are inflamed; cefotaxime is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the central nervous system, e.g. meningitis.
Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is believed to be safe. [6] It is a second-generation cephalosporin and works by interfering with a bacteria's ability to make a cell wall resulting in its death. [5] Cefuroxime was patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in 1977. [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8]
Ceftolozane is a type of antibiotic called a cephalosporin, which belongs to the wider group of antibiotics called beta-lactams. [5] It works by interfering with the production of molecules that bacteria need to build their protective cell walls. [ 5 ]
Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is believed to be safe but has not been well studied. [2] It is a third-generation cephalosporin and works by interfering with a bacteria's ability to make a cell wall resulting in its death. [1] It was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in 1991. [3] It is available as a generic medication. [1]
In addition to the cephem nucleus common to all cephalosporins, cefditoren has an aminothiazole group that enhances its activity against Gram-negative organisms, a methylthiazole group that enhances its activity against Gram-positive organisms, a methoxyimino group that gives it stability against β-lactamases, and a pivoxil ester group that ...
Cefodizime is a bactericidal antibiotic that targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1A/B, 2, and 3 resulting in the eventual death of the bacterial cell. In vivo experimental models of infection showed that bacterial clearance by this drug is at least as effective compared with other 3rd generation cephalosporins.