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The term is variously used to refer to viral particles shedding from a single cell, from one part of the body into another, [2] and from a body into the environment, where the virus may infect another. [3] Vaccine shedding is a form of viral shedding which can occur in instances of infection caused by some attenuated (or "live virus") vaccines.
Virus latency (or viral latency) is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral life cycle. [1] A latent viral infection is a type of persistent viral infection which is distinguished from a chronic viral infection. Latency is the phase in certain viruses' life cycles in which ...
Double-stranded DNA phage lysins tend to lie within the 25 to 40 kDa range in terms of size. A notable exception is the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, which is 114 kDa. PlyC is not only the biggest and most potent lysin, but also structurally unique since it is composed of two different gene products, PlyCA and PlyCB, with a ratio of eight PlyCB subunits for each PlyCA in its active conformation.
To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane. A hole forms in the cell membrane, then the virus particle or its genetic contents are released into the host cell, where replication of the viral genome may commence.
A related term is the duration of shedding or the shedding period, which is defined as the time duration during which a host or patient excretes pathogens through saliva, urine, feces or other bodily fluids. [6] However, for some infectious diseases, the symptoms of the clinical disease may appear after the host becomes infectious.
Even after death, the infectious period might not be over. For example, the dead body of an individual who died of Ebola remains very infectious for up to a week. [4] A related concept is the shedding period, which is the time interval during which a host or patient excretes the pathogenic organism through saliva, urine, feces or other bodily ...
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