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Contact with Venera 1 was lost 7 days after launch. It was the first spacecraft to fly by Venus, or indeed any planet. [78] Mariner 2: Venus 27 August 1962 14 December 1962 110 days (3 months, 18 days) Mariner 2 flew by Venus at a minimum distance of 34,773 km. It was the first spacecraft to return data from Venus. [79] Mars 1: Mars 1 November 1962
Sakigake (さきがけ, lit. ' pioneer', 'pathfinder '), known before launch as MS-T5, was Japan's first interplanetary spacecraft and the first deep space probe to be launched by any country other than the US or the Soviet Union.
This is a list of space probes that have left Earth orbit (or were launched with that intention but failed), organized by their planned destination. It includes planetary probes, solar probes, and probes to asteroids and comets, but excludes lunar missions, which are listed separately at List of lunar probes and List of Apollo missions.
Interplanetary space investigations [15] [16] Venera 1: 12 February 1961 First probe to another planet; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby) [17] [18] [19] Vostok 1: 12 April 1961 First crewed Earth orbiter (Yuri Gagarin) [20] [21] Ranger 1: 23 August 1961 Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit) [22] [23] [24] Ranger 2: 18 ...
Mariner 1, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus, was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program.Developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and originally planned to be a purpose-built probe launched summer 1962, Mariner 1's design was changed when the Centaur proved unavailable at that early date.
Atmospheric probe Successful [12] First probe to enter Jupiter's atmosphere. Entered at 22:04 UTC on 7 December 1995 and operated for 57 minutes; main spacecraft entered orbit at 00:27 UTC on 8 December. [13] Spacecraft was deorbited on 21 September 2003, impacting Jupiter's atmosphere at 18:57:18 UTC. [14] – Ulysses: Ulysses: 6 October 1990 [2]
The Voyager probes were launched in 1977 and have explored Jupiter and Saturn and surveyed Uranus and Neptune before leaving the solar system. But the two spacecraft wouldn’t have been able to ...
Was the first U.S. spacecraft to reach another celestial body. Failure in the onboard computer prevented it from carrying out its scientific objectives. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. [7] [8] April 26 UK: Ariel 1: Thor-Delta: Earth Success: First British satellite in space (on American rocket) July 10 US: Telstar 1: Thor ...