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Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined—that is, have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender.Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated), and a given pattern is called a declension.
The historical plural ending for adjectives is -i. However, in late Quenya, adjectives ending in - a instead have this - a replaced by - ë . Moreover, the adjective laurëa ("golden") there has the plural form laurië (in laurië lantar lassi , literary "golden fall (the) leaves", which in singular would have been *'laurëa lanta lassë ...
The ancient Romans themselves, beginning with Varro (1st century BC), originally divided their verbs into three conjugations (coniugationes verbis accidunt tres: prima, secunda, tertia "there are three different conjugations for verbs: the first, second, and third" (), 4th century AD), according to whether the ending of the 2nd person singular had an a, an e or an i in it. [2]
The older distinction between athematic and thematic stems had been lost, and generally nouns were divided into several declension classes based on the vowels or consonants before the case endings. Globally, there were vowel stems ( a -, ō -, i - and u -stems) and consonant stems ( n -, r - and z -stems and stems ending in other consonants).
Stative endings used for Indicative mood of stative verbs. Imperative endings used for Imperative mood of all verbs. Note that, from a diachronic perspective, the secondary endings were actually the more basic ones, while the primary endings were formed from them by adding a suffix, originally -i in the active voice and -r in the middle voice.
Nouns belonging to this declension class are masculines ending in -ь preceded by a palatal in the nominative singular (врачь, крал҄ь, кошь). This paradigm encompasses nouns such as краи ( krai ) that don't appear to be ending in a palatal, but are in fact underlyingly combinations like krajь and so undergo this declension ...
The singular instrumental is -imi, like in the third declension, while for masculine words of the fifth declension the proper ending is given to be -iu; but -imi can also be and is chosen for the words of the fifth declension. The fourth, -us, -ius. There are only 19 words with a non-palatalized ending, and more -j-us, and -ius words.
Third-declension nouns have the accent on the stem in the strong cases, but the ending in the weak cases. Both of these patterns can be summarized by a single rule suggested by Paul Kiparsky: pre-ending accent in the strong cases and post-stem accent in the weak cases. [10] For first- and second-declension nouns, Kiparsky's rule is more complex.
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