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Collier, however, was "unable to accept this explanation", his view being that since the sixth nerve emerges straight forward from the brain stem, whereas other cranial nerves emerge obliquely or transversely, it is more liable to the mechanical effects of backward brain stem displacement by intracranial space occupying lesions. [7]
Chronic subdural hematomas have been known to be a familiar cause of Kernohan's notch. [7] MRIs have shown evidence of Kernohan's notch from patients with traumatic head injury that are related to acute space-occupying lesions such as subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma, depressed skull fracture, or spontaneous intracerebral hematoma. [8] [9]
Idiopathic or unknown cause (idiopathic intracranial hypertension, a common cause in otherwise well people especially younger women) [citation needed] Craniosynostosis; One of the most damaging aspects of brain trauma and other conditions, directly correlated with poor outcome, is an elevated intracranial pressure. [10]
The cranial cavity, also known as intracranial space, is the space within the skull that accommodates the brain.The skull is also known as the cranium. [1] The cranial cavity is formed by eight cranial bones known as the neurocranium that in humans includes the skull cap and forms the protective case around the brain.
[4] [5] A space-occupying lesion, as the name suggests, has a recognizable volume and may impinge on nearby structures, whereas a non space-occupying lesion is simply a hole in the tissue, e.g. a small area of the brain that has turned to fluid following a stroke. [1] Lesions may also be classified by the shape they form.
Space-occupying lesions in the brain (abscesses, tumours) are one cause of unprovoked seizures. [3] In people with brain tumours, the frequency of epilepsy depends on the location of the tumor in the cortical region. [30] Abnormalities in blood vessels of the brain (Arteriovenous malformation) can also cause epilepsy. [3] In babies and children ...
The symptoms will mimic those of space-occupying lesions. [7] Blood-borne spread certainly occurs, presumably by crossing the blood–brain barrier, but a proportion of patients may get TB meningitis from rupture of a cortical focus in the brain; [8] an even smaller proportion get it from rupture of a bony focus in the spine. [9]
Brain herniation can cause severe disability or death. In fact, when herniation is visible on a CT scan , the prognosis for a meaningful recovery of neurological function is poor. [ 2 ] The patient may become paralyzed on the same side as the lesion causing the pressure, or damage to parts of the brain caused by herniation may cause paralysis ...