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  2. Load (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load_(computing)

    The three values of load average refer to the past one, five, and fifteen minutes of system operation. [5] Mathematically speaking, all three values always average all the system load since the system started up. They all decay exponentially, but they decay at different speeds: they decay exponentially by e after 1, 5, and 15 minutes respectively.

  3. IOPS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOPS

    [citation needed] Enterprise class SATA HDDs, such as the Western Digital Raptor and Seagate Barracuda NL will improve by nearly 100% with deep queues. [4] High-end SCSI drives more commonly found in servers, generally show much greater improvement, with the Seagate Savvio exceeding 400 IOPS—more than doubling its performance.

  4. Volume boot record - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_boot_record

    The boot code in the VBR can assume that the BIOS has set up its data structures and interrupts and initialized the hardware. The code should not assume more than 32 KB of memory to be present for fail-safe operation; [1] if it needs more memory it should query INT 12h for it, since other pre-boot code (such as f.e. BIOS extension overlays, encryption systems, or remote bootstrap loaders) may ...

  5. Hard disk drive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive

    The first production IBM hard disk drive, the 350 disk storage, shipped in 1957 as a component of the IBM 305 RAMAC system. It was approximately the size of two large refrigerators and stored five million six-bit characters (3.75 megabytes) [18] on a stack of 52 disks (100 surfaces used). [27]

  6. Hard disk drive failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive_failure

    A hard disk drive failure occurs when a hard disk drive malfunctions and the stored information cannot be accessed with a properly configured computer. A hard disk failure may occur in the course of normal operation, or due to an external factor such as exposure to fire or water or high magnetic fields , or suffering a sharp impact or ...

  7. Boot sector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot_sector

    When GRUB is installed on a hard disk, boot.img is written into the boot sector of that hard disk. boot.img has a size of only 446 bytes. A boot sector is the sector of a persistent data storage device (e.g., hard disk , floppy disk , optical disc , etc.) which contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory (RAM) and then executed ...

  8. Disk partitioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_partitioning

    The term's usage is now ubiquitous. [citation needed] Other terms used include logical disk, [4] minidisk, [5] portions, [6] pseudo-disk, [6] section, [6] slice [7] and virtual drive. [8] One of the earliest such segmentation of a disk drive was IBM's 1966 [9] usage in its CP-67 operating system of minidisk as a separate segment of a hard disk ...

  9. Single-level store - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-level_store

    Single-level storage (SLS) or single-level memory is a computer storage term which has had two meanings. The two meanings are related in that in both, pages of memory may be in primary storage or in secondary storage (disk), and that the physical location of a page is unimportant to a process.