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René II de Lorraine, Marquis d'Elbeuf (14 August 1536 – 14 December 1566) [1] was a French noble, and soldier during the latter Italian Wars and early French Wars of Religion. The youngest son of Claude of Lorraine, Duke of Guise and Antoinette of Bourbon-Vendôme Elbeuf's career began at a young age.
He was educated at the University of Padua and then at the University of Bologna, becoming a doctor of both laws on 11 May 1563. [1] As a young man, he moved to Rome where he became a protonotary apostolic and a Referendary of the Apostolic Signatura. [1] Pope Pius IV made him a domestic prelate. [1] On 1 May 1562 he became secretary apostolic. [1]
Portrait of Ludovico Madruzzo by Giovanni Battista Moroni.Art Institute, Chicago. Ludovico Madruzzo (1532-1600) [1] was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and statesman, the Imperial crown-cardinal and Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Trento (involving the secular rule as well as church duties).
An 18th century engraving, depicting the explosion of one of Giambelli's "hellburners" on the Duke of Parma's pontoon bridge at the Siege of Antwerp in 1585.Giambelli is said to have vowed to be revenged for his rebuff at the Spanish court; and when Antwerp was besieged by Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma in 1584, he offered his services to Elizabeth I of England, who, having satisfied herself ...
Self-portrait as Saint George. Michiel Coxie the Elder, Michiel Coxcie the Elder or Michiel van Coxcie, Latinised name Coxius [1] [2] (1499 – 3 March 1592), was a Flemish painter of altarpieces and portraits, a draughtsman and a designer of stained-glass windows, tapestries and prints.
He painted in the lower cloisters of El Escorial at the request of King Philip II. His greatest work were frescoes in the library. His greatest work were frescoes in the library. [1] [2] [3] After nine years, he returned to Italy and was appointed architect of the Duomo of Milan until his death in Milan in 1592.
The pope, encouraged by the cardinal protector Giustiniani issued a papal decree approving the union of the Lucca Fathers with the Piarists of Saint Joseph Calasanz. This union would last only until the beginning of 1617 when Paul V issued another decree constituting the Piarists as a separate congregation. St. Giovanni Leonardi
Sixtus excommunicated King Henry III of Navarre, who was the heir presumptive to the throne of France, [20] and contributed to the Catholic League, but he chafed under his forced alliance with King Philip II of Spain, and looked for an escape. The victories of Henry and the prospect of his conversion to Catholicism raised Sixtus V's hopes, and ...