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Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Like other species in the genus Enterococcus , E. faecalis is found in healthy humans and can be used as a probiotic.
Enterococcus is a large genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Bacillota. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs ( diplococci ) or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. [ 2 ]
This is a shortened version of the first chapter of the ICD-9: Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. It covers ICD codes 001 to 139. The full chapter can be found on pages 49 to 99 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus, formerly known as group D streptococci, were classified as members of the genus Streptococcus until 1984 and are included in the original Lancefield grouping. [4] Many—but not all—species of streptococcus are beta-hemolytic .
Many former group D streptococci have been reclassified and placed in the genus Enterococcus (including E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. durans, and E. avium). [22] For example, Streptococcus faecalis is now Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecalis is sometimes alpha-hemolytic and E. faecium is sometimes beta hemolytic. [23]
Bile Esculin Agar (BEA) is a selective differential agar used to isolate and identify members of the genus Enterococcus, [1] formerly part of the "group D streptococci" (enterococci were reclassified in their own genus in 1984). [2]
ESKAPE is an acronym comprising the scientific names of six highly virulent and antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens including: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. [1] The acronym is sometimes extended to ESKAPEE to include Escherichia coli. [2]
Vancomycin. Six different types of vancomycin resistance are shown by enterococcus: Van-A, Van-B, Van-C, Van-D, Van-E and Van-G. [4] The significance is that Van-A VRE is resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, [5] Van-B VRE is resistant to vancomycin but susceptible to teicoplanin, [6] [7] and Van-C is only partly resistant to vancomycin.