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Intravenous sodium bicarbonate is contraindicated in patients who are losing chloride, such as by vomiting. [9]Because of its sodium content, intravenous sodium bicarbonate should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure and severe chronic kidney disease, where low sodium intake is strongly indicated to prevent sodium retention. [9]
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
Due to side effects also in the patients in the operating room the product should only be used, when no other fluid for volume replacement therapy is available. This restricts HES use to the battle field as an example. [21] Due to this negative label the two largest HES producers deregistered their global HES brands in the US. [22] [23]
[2] [3] It is given by intravenous infusion or applied to the affected area. [2] [3] Side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood potassium, hypervolemia, and high blood calcium. [2] It may not be suitable for mixing with certain medications and some recommend against use in the same infusion as a blood transfusion. [4]
Excessive amount may also result in fluid overload. [4] Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis. [5] It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml. [5] Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available. [5]
Dextran 70 is a type of fluid given by injection into a vein to expand blood volume. [1] Specifically it is used for shock such as that caused by bleeding or burns when blood transfusions are not quickly available. [2] However, it does not carry oxygen. [2] Common side effects include vomiting, fever, and joint pains. [2]
IV fluids are used for a wide range of medical purposes. Some, like dehydration, can be helped with alternative methods. But others, like organ transplant surgeries, cannot.
In kidney impairment, clearance is reduced, increasing the risk of adverse effects. [4] Lower initial doses are recommended in older patients (to minimize side effects) and high doses may be needed in kidney failure. [26] It can also cause kidney damage; this is mainly by loss of excessive fluid (i.e., dehydration), and is usually reversible.