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A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. Their presence is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2% [6] to 0.5% [7] (1 in 200 to 500) of the population. [8] People may have a cervical rib on the right, left or both sides. [9] [10]
[15] [16] In addition, they support cervical ribs that extend farther towards the ground than in diplodocines, and have vertebrae and ribs that are narrower towards the top of the neck, making the neck nearly triangular in cross-section. [16] In Apatosaurus louisae, the atlas-axis complex of the first cervicals is nearly fused.
In birds, ribs are present as distinct bones only on the thoracic region, although small fused ribs are present on the cervical vertebrae. The thoracic ribs of birds possess a wide projection to the rear; this uncinate process is an attachment for the shoulder muscles. [9] Usually dogs have 26 ribs. Mammals usually also only have distinct ribs ...
This page was last edited on 24 October 2018, at 21:26 (UTC).; Text is available under the
The costal portion covers the inside of the rib cage. Some authors also designate a cervical portion (covering the underside of the suprapleural membrane). The pulmonary pleura covers the entire lung parenchyma. It meets the mediastinal pleura at the root of the lung ("hilum") through a smooth fold known as pleural reflection.
As it crosses the neck of the first rib it lies medial to the anterior division of the first thoracic nerve, and lateral to the first thoracic ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. In the first intercostal space, it gives off a branch which is distributed in a manner similar to the distribution of the aortic intercostals.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: . Human anatomy is the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.
The rib cage or thoracic cage is an endoskeletal enclosure in the thorax of most vertebrates that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect the vital organs of the thoracic cavity, such as the heart, lungs and great vessels and support the shoulder girdle to form the core part of the axial skeleton.