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A wheeze is a clinical symptom of a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. [1] For wheezes to occur, part of the respiratory tree must be narrowed or obstructed (for example narrowing of the lower respiratory tract in an asthmatic attack), or airflow velocity within the respiratory tree must be heightened.
Shortness of breath and wheezing are present in many cases. [5] Exacerbations may be accompanied by increased amount of cough and sputum productions, and a change in appearance of sputum. [citation needed] An abrupt worsening in COPD symptoms may cause rupture of the airways in the lungs, which in turn may cause a spontaneous pneumothorax. [4]
In a Medicare cohort analysis, consisting of adults 65 years and older in the United States; the annual rates of diagnosis have increased by 8.7% every year between 2000 and 2007. [ 3 ] [ 88 ] This large increase in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis may be due to increased recognition of the disease (including more widespread use of CT scans ) or ...
The underlying cause of this type of bronchoconstriction appear to be the large volume of cool, dry air inhaled during strenuous exercise. The condition appears to improve when the air inhaled is more fully humidified and closer to body temperature. This specific condition, in the general population, can vary between 7 and 20 percent.
Asthma is a common condition and affects over 300 million people around the world. [3] Asthma causes recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. [4] Exercise-induced asthma is common in asthmatics, especially after participation in outdoor activities in cold weather.
It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe. Bronchospasms occur in asthma , chronic bronchitis and anaphylaxis . Bronchospasms are a possible side effect of some drugs: pilocarpine , beta blockers (used to treat hypertension), a paradoxical result of using LABA drugs (to treat COPD ), and other drugs.
Incidence is highest for individuals younger than 40 and peaks in the age-group from 20 to 29 years; a second peak is observed for women over 50. [ 19 ] [ 145 ] Sarcoidosis occurs throughout the world in all races with an average incidence of 16.5 per 100,000 in men and 19 per 100,000 in women.
[12] [72] IPF is more common in men than in women and is usually diagnosed in people over 50 years of age. [3] The incidence of IPF is difficult to determine as uniform diagnostic criteria have not been applied consistently. [3] [12] A recent study from the US estimated the incidence of IPF to be between 6.8 and 16.3 per 100,000 persons.