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Passive–aggressive [personality disorder] was listed as an Axis II personality disorder in the DSM-III-R, but was moved in the DSM-IV to Appendix B ("Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study") because of controversy and the need for further research on how to also categorize the behaviors in a future edition. According to DSM-IV ...
Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [ 2 ]
It’s called passive-aggressive behavior, and it can leave you feeling unsettled. “Passive-aggressiveness is not only a personality trait but a learned behavior,” explains Regine Muradian, a ...
In relationships, you generally want to avoid being a passive participant, or an aggressive one. The latter can be toxic and abusive. However, psychologists share that avoiding another ...
Instead of being honest and direct, and discussing those feelings, you resort to passive-aggressive behaviors as a way to punish or impede the other person. It can happen in any type of ...
Examples include sadistic personality disorder (pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior) and self-defeating personality disorder or masochistic personality disorder (characterized by behavior consequently undermining the person's pleasure and goals).
10. Passive-aggressive behavior. Back-handed comments and the cold shoulder fit this bill. "The manipulator uses indirect hostility, sarcasm or subtle insults to express anger or resentment," Dr ...
This personality disorder is a long-term condition [1] in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs. Dependent personality disorder is a cluster C personality disorder, [2] which is characterized by excessive fear and anxiety. It begins prior to early adulthood, and it is present in a variety of contexts and is ...