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Reproduction and egg excretion can only occur if the same kidney is infested by both a female and a male worm and the worms have already perforated the renal pelvis. Eggs are excreted in the urine via the renal pelvis. These eggs are oval to cylindrical, yellow-brown, thick-walled, with a rough, knobbed surface, and 71-84 × 45-52 μm in size. [46]
Dioctophyme renale eggs exhibiting the characteristic pitted and sculptured shell. D. renale is the largest nematode to parasitize humans. Adult male worms are 20–40 cm long and 5–6 mm wide; females can grow to 103 cm in length with a width of 10–12 mm. [3] Both sexes appear bright red in color and taper at both the anterior and posterior ...
AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
Nephrotic syndrome has many causes and may either be the result of a glomerular disease that can be either limited to the kidney, called primary nephrotic syndrome (primary glomerulonephrosis), or a condition that affects the kidney and other parts of the body, called secondary nephrotic syndrome.
Beans. Raw beans contain a toxin called phytohemagglutinin, a form of lectin.“This can cause severe stomach upset, including nausea and vomiting, if beans are eaten raw,” says Cassetty.
Salmonella, a type of bacteria, is a leading cause of foodborne illness, hospitalizations and deaths in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Protein toxicity is the effect of the buildup of protein metabolic waste compounds, like urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine.Protein toxicity has many causes, including urea cycle disorders, genetic mutations, excessive protein intake, and insufficient kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury.
He discovered parasite eggs from two mummies, which were dated to around 1250–1000 BC. [8] The oldest infection known to date was revealed using ELISA, and is more than 5,000 years old. [9] Since the cause of the disease was unknown, Napoleon's army in 1798 called Egypt as "the land of menstruating men." [10]