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An incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) is a local telephone company which held the regional monopoly on landline service before the market was opened to competitive local exchange carriers, or the corporate successor of such a firm.
The word "incumbent" is derived from the Latin verb incumbere, literally meaning "to lean or lay upon" with the present participle stem incumbent-, "leaning a variant of encumber, [1] while encumber is derived from the root cumber, [2] most appropriately defined: "To occupy obstructively or inconveniently; to block fill up with what hinders freedom of motion or action; to burden, load."
Local exchange carrier (LEC) is a regulatory term in telecommunications for the local telephone company. In the United States , wireline telephone companies are divided into two large categories: long-distance ( interexchange carrier , or IXCs) and local (local exchange carrier, or LECs).
A competitive local exchange carrier (CLEC), in the United States and Canada, is a telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a "carrier") competing with other, already established carriers, generally the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC).
Carlton and Perloff then dismiss their own definition as impractical and instead use their own definition of a "long-term barrier to entry" which is defined very closely to the definition in the introduction. In 2011, Wheelen and Hunger gave the definition "an obstruction that makes it difficult for a company to enter an industry". [6]
Incumbent Ron Kim on Tuesday defeated challengers Yi Andy Chen and Dao Yin with more than half of the vote in the 40th district for the New York State Assembly.
Strategic excess capacity may be established to either reduce the viability of entry for potential firms. [5] Excess capacity take place when an incumbent firm threatens to entrants of the possibility to increase their production output and establish an excess of supply, and then reduce the price to a level where the competing cannot contend.
By the time the new product becomes interesting to the incumbent's customers it is too late for the incumbent to react to the new product. At this point it is too late for the incumbent to keep up with the new entrant's rate of improvement, which by then is on the near-vertical portion of its S-curve trajectory.