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People with Schizophrenia appear to have a high rate of self-medication with nicotine; the therapeutic effect likely occurs through dopamine modulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, there was controversy and conflicting findings over whether postmortem findings resulted from drug tolerance to chronic antipsychotic treatment.
The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
People with schizophrenia are commonly exploited and victimized by violent crime as part of a broader dynamic of social exclusion. [25] [26] People diagnosed with schizophrenia are also subject to forced drug injections, seclusion, and restraint at high rates. [31] [32] The risk of violence by people with schizophrenia is small.
These regions are somewhat dormant in the right brains of most modern humans, but Jaynes noted that some studies show that auditory hallucinations correspond to increased activity in these areas of the brain. [14] Jaynes notes that even at the time of publication there is no consensus as to the cause or origins of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is now treated by medications known as antipsychotics (or neuroleptics) that typically reduce dopaminergic activity because too much activity has been most strongly linked to positive symptoms, specifically persecutory delusions. Dopaminergic drugs induce the characteristic auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia if they are ...
More than 40 percent of all people with schizophrenia end up in supervised group housing, nursing homes or hospitals. Another 6 percent end up in jail, usually for misdemeanors or petty crimes, while an equal proportion end up on the streets. Among researchers, schizophrenia has long been known as the “graveyard of psychiatric research.”
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