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Basic structure of a peroxisome Distribution of peroxisomes (white) in HEK 293 cells during mitosis Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte. A peroxisome (IPA: [pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊm]) [1] is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. [2] [3] Peroxisomes are oxidative organelles.
Amyloid beta, when bound to heme, has been shown to have peroxidase activity. [2] A typical group of peroxidases are the haloperoxidases. This group is able to form reactive halogen species and, as a result, natural organohalogen substances. A majority of peroxidase protein sequences can be found in the PeroxiBase database.
A peroxisome is a type of microbody that functions to help the body break down large molecules and detoxify hazardous substances. It contains enzymes like oxidase, react hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct of its enzymatic reactions. Within the peroxisome, hydrogen peroxide can then be converted to water by enzymes like catalase and peroxidase.
Animal heme-dependent peroxidases is a family of peroxidases.Peroxidases are found in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. On the basis of sequence similarity, a number of animal heme peroxidases can be categorized as members of a superfamily: myeloperoxidase (MPO); eosinophil peroxidase (EPO); lactoperoxidase (LPO); thyroid peroxidase (TPO); prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS); and peroxidasin.
The enzyme contains a 68-residue sequence at the N-terminus of its monomeric protein, which targets it to the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria where it can the complex with cytochrome c and where it carries out its sensor, signaling and catalytic roles. [1]
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Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) is the most abundant version, found in the cytoplasm of nearly all mammalian tissues, whose preferred substrate is hydrogen peroxide. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) has a high preference for lipid hydroperoxides; it is expressed in nearly every mammalian cell, though at much lower levels.
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