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  2. Calculus (dental) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(dental)

    In dentistry, calculus or tartar is a form of hardened dental plaque. It is caused by precipitation of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in plaque on the teeth . This process of precipitation kills the bacterial cells within dental plaque, but the rough and hardened surface that is formed provides an ideal surface for ...

  3. Teeth cleaning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teeth_cleaning

    In addition to brushing, cleaning between teeth may help to prevent build-up of plaque bacteria on the teeth. This may be done with dental floss or interdental brushes.. 80% of cavities occur in the grooves, or pits and fissures, of the chewing surfaces of the teeth, [4] however, there is no evidence currently showing that normal at-home flossing reduces the risk of cavities in these areas.

  4. Oral hygiene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_hygiene

    A 1930s poster from the Work Projects Administration promoting oral hygiene. Tooth decay is the most common global disease. [14] Over 80% of cavities occur inside fissures in teeth where brushing cannot reach food left trapped after eating and saliva and fluoride have no access to neutralize acid and remineralize demineralized teeth, unlike easy-to-clean parts of the tooth, where fewer ...

  5. Dental plaque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_plaque

    Dental plaque is a biofilm that attaches to tooth surfaces, restorations and prosthetic appliances (including dentures and bridges) if left undisturbed.Understanding the formation, composition and characteristics of plaque helps in its control. [6]

  6. Tooth decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_decay

    A dental handpiece ("drill") is used to remove large portions of decayed material from a tooth. A spoon, a dental instrument used to carefully remove decay, is sometimes employed when the decay in dentin reaches near the pulp. [137] Some dentists remove dental caries using a laser rather than the traditional dental drill.

  7. Enucleation of the eye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enucleation_of_the_eye

    To avoid a sunken appearance to the eye socket, an implant approximating this volume can be placed into the space of the removed eye, secured, and covered with Tenon's capsule and conjunctiva. [7] Implants can be made of many materials with the most common being hydroxylapatite , metal alloy, [ 8 ] acrylic, or glass.

  8. List of instruments used in ophthalmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used...

    to keep the eyes open during any operation Universal eye speculum-do-; heavy instrument and can not keep eyelashes out of the operating field •Guarded eye speculum (left and right)-do-; heavy instrument but can keep eyelashes out of the operating field with its "guard" and hence left or right ones are required •Wire Speculum

  9. Human tooth development - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_tooth_development

    The delay in eruption has been suggested as the reason for the apparent difference in decay among the youngest children. Fluoride ingestion during tooth development can lead to a permanent condition known as fluorosis with varying levels of severity, the result of fluoride's interference with the normal osteoblast development.