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Those who use lithium should receive regular serum level tests and should monitor thyroid and kidney function for abnormalities, as it interferes with the regulation of sodium and water levels in the body, and can cause dehydration. Dehydration, which is compounded by heat, can result in increasing lithium levels.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
Lithium Lithium is the "classic" mood stabilizer, the first to be approved by the US FDA, and still popular in treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring is required to ensure lithium levels remain in the therapeutic range: 0.6 to 0.8 or 0.8–1.2 mEq/L (or millimolar).
Lithium levels should be above 0.6 mEq/L to reduce both manic and depressive episodes in patients. [15] A recent review concludes that the standard lithium serum level should be 0.60–0.80 mmol/L with optional reduction to 0.40 0.60 mmol/L in case of good response but poor tolerance or an increase to 0.80 1.00 mmol/L in case of insufficient ...
For depression, escitalopram is normally prescribed at a dosage of 10mg to 20mg, taken one time per day. For generalized anxiety disorder and other anxiety disorders, escitalopram is prescribed ...
Lithium prevents mood relapse and works especially well in BP-II patients who experience rapid-cycling. [53] Almost all BP-II patients who take lithium have a decrease in the amount of time they spend ill and a decrease in mood episodes. [53] Along with medication, other forms of therapy have been shown to be beneficial for BP-II patients.
For people who are diagnosed with depression, spending time looking at depression memes—even those that may feel “dark” to others—may be a good thing, according to a 2020 study published ...
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