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Concrete cover, in reinforced concrete, is the least distance between the surface of embedded reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete (ACI 130). The concrete cover depth can be measured with a cover meter. The purpose of concrete cover is to protect the reinforcement from corrosion, fire, and other potential damage.
Within the trades rebar is known by a shorthand utilizing the bar diameter as descriptor, such as "four-bar" for bar that is four-eighths (or one-half) of an inch. The cross-sectional area of a bar, as given by πr², works out to (bar size/9.027)², which is approximated as (bar size/9)² square inches. For example, the area of #8 bar is (8/9 ...
A waffle slab is flat on top, while joists create a grid like surface on the bottom. The grid is formed by the removal of molds after the concrete sets. This structure was designed to be more solid when used on longer spans and with heavier loads. [3]
Strength/weight ratio – Construction materials are commonly categorized by their strength to weight ratio—or specific strength, which is the strength of a material divided by its density. These ratios indicate how useful the material is for its weight, which in turn indicates its cost and ease of construction.
If the slab is to be reinforced, the rebars, or metal bars, are positioned within the formwork before the concrete is poured in. [26] Plastic-tipped metal or plastic bar chairs, are used to hold the rebar away from the bottom and sides of the form-work, so that when the concrete sets it completely envelops the reinforcement.
Generally, 1–2 wt. % of [Ca(NO 2) 2] with respect to cement weight is needed to prevent corrosion of the rebars. The nitrite anion is a mild oxidizer that oxidizes the soluble and mobile ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ) present at the surface of the corroding steel and causes them to precipitate as an insoluble ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3 ).
The Texans would need to officially return Collins to the 53-man roster for him to play in Week 10 against the Lions. If that doesn't happen, he will sit out at least one more game before ...
Over time, the thin film can be damaged, and corrosion of steel rebar starts. The corrosion of steel rebar is one of the main causes of premature failure of reinforced concrete structures worldwide, [4] mainly as a consequence of two degradation processes, carbonation and penetration of chlorides. [1]
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