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The word seneschal (/ ˈ s ɛ n ə ʃ əl /) can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context.Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a court appointment within a royal, ducal, or noble household during the Middle Ages and early Modern period – historically a steward or majordomo of a medieval ...
Historians often translate discifer as seneschal, [6] but Gautier objects that the word seneschal is not recorded in England before the Norman Conquest. [2] According to the twelfth-century chronicler, John of Worcester, in 946 King Edmund I was killed trying to protect his dapifer from assault by an outlaw.
The Principality of Antioch mirrored the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in its selection of great offices: constable, marshal, seneschal, chamberlain, butler, chancellor and at certain times also bailiff. The officers of the Principality of Antioch are listed below. Dates are dates of attestation, not necessarily beginning and end dates of tenure.
The seneschal administered the coronation ceremony, oversaw the Haute Cour in the king's absence, administered royal castles, and managed the royal finances and revenue. The seneschal's power was over only viscounts and not castellans, and the constable was still superior to the seneschal due in part to the kingdom's constant state of war. [ 3 ]
Seneschal was also the term used in Ireland to denote the Steward of a Prescriptive Barony, [16] or Manor (as the official would be called in England), before whom the Court Leet or view of frankpledge was held. More recently, the term Seneschal was also, apparently used to describe Donal Buckley, as the Governor-General of the Irish Free State ...
Later this office name was replaced with the term Seneschal and came to be the principal diplomat and executive of the court: a feudal prime minister and foreign minister. Brawdwr Llys, meaning "court judge" — a senior legal officer who arbitrated on affairs of the realm; a feudal Minister of Justice. Penhebogydd, the chief falconer.
Seneschal of the Realm (Swedish: riksdrots; Danish: Rigsdrost; Norwegian: Drottsete; Finnish: Valtakunnandrotsi; other plausible translations are Lord High Steward or Lord High Justiciar) is a Danish and Swedish supreme state official, with at least a connotation to administration of judiciary, who in medieval Scandinavia was often a leader in the government.
The Seneschal of Anjou (siniscallus, Vulgar or old Frankish Latin, also dapifer) was an officer of an aristocratic household assigned to manage the domestic affairs of the lords of Anjou. During the course of the twelfth century, the seneschalship also became an office of military command.