Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Therefore, a drug given by the intravenous route will have an absolute bioavailability of 100% (f = 1), whereas drugs given by other routes usually have an absolute bioavailability of less than one. If we compare the two different dosage forms having same active ingredients and compare the two drug bioavailability is called comparative ...
The drug travels by some route of administration (oral, topical-dermal, etc.) in a chosen dosage form (e.g., tablets, capsules, or in solution). [3] Absorption by some other routes, such as intravenous therapy , intramuscular injection , enteral nutrition , is even more straightforward and there is less variability in absorption and ...
The mean absolute oral bioavailability of apalutamide is 100%. [2] Mean peak levels of apalutamide occur 2 hours following administration, with a range of 1 to 5 hours. [2] Food delays the median time to peak levels of apalutamide by approximately 2 hours, with no significant changes in the peak levels themselves or in area-under-curve levels. [2]
The oral route is limited to formulations containing small molecules only while biopharmaceuticals (usually proteins) would be digested in the stomach and thereby become ineffective. Biopharmaceuticals have to be given by injection or infusion. However, recent research found various ways to improve oral bioavailability of these drugs.
The bioavailability of toremifene has not been precisely determined but is known to be good and has been estimated to be approximately 100%. [1] [2] Levels of toremifene at steady state with a dosage of 60 mg/day are 800 to 879 ng/mL. [1]
Route Dose Bioavailability C max (g/L) Tmax (minutes) T 1/2 (hours) Time to peak effect (minutes) Intravenous 30 mg 100% 108 22 6 9.1 0.8 15 Oral 30 mg 67% 94.1 216 9.1 18 2 Smoking 30 mg 67%/ 90 10% 47 6 150 30 12 1 180 Intra-nasal 50 mg 79% 113 8 169 8 11 1 15
The bioavailability of ergotamine is around 2% orally, 6% rectally, and 100% by intramuscular or intravenous injection. [17] The low oral and rectal bioavailability is due to low gastrointestinal absorption and high first-pass metabolism. [17] Ergotamine may not readily cross the blood–brain barrier. [22] [23]
Work done 12 years later found that the serum phenobarbital 0.111 mg/100 mL for every mg/kg of primidone ingested. Authors publishing a year earlier estimated that 24.5% of primidone was metabolized to phenobarbital, but the patient reported by Kappy and Buckley would have had a serum level of 44.4 mg/100 mL instead of 8.5 mg/100 mL if this ...