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A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is a condition of the eye in which the vitreous membrane separates from the retina. [1] It refers to the separation of the posterior hyaloid membrane from the retina anywhere posterior to the vitreous base (a 3–4 mm wide attachment to the ora serrata).
As one gets older, pockets of fluid can develop in the vitreous. When these pockets develop near the back of the eye, the vitreous can pull away from the retina and possibly tear it. [2] Posterior vitreous detachment accounts for 3.7–11.7% of vitreous hemorrhage cases. [1]
[8] [23] [24] In this technique, the vitreous gel is removed from the eye to relieve the pulling force on the retina. [8] [10] Any fluid behind the retina is drained, and tears are sealed with freezing or lasers. [8] [10] The removed vitreous is then replaced with either a gas bubble or silicone oil, which stabilizes the retina.
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Pars plana vitrectomy or trans pars plana vitrectomy is a procedure to remove vitreous opacities and membranes through a pars plana incision. It is frequently combined with other intraocular procedures for the treatment of giant retinal tears, tractional retinal detachments, and posterior vitreous detachments.
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) is a human medical condition where the vitreous gel (or simply vitreous, AKA vitreous humour) of the human eye adheres to the retina in an abnormally strong manner. As the eye ages, it is common for the vitreous to separate from the retina.
Vitreous hemorrhage can be caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vitreous detachment with or without retinal breaks, and trauma. Less common causes include vascular occlusive disease , retinal arterial macroaneurysm , hemoglobinopathy , age-related macular degeneration , and intraocular tumors .
Peripheral (posterior) vitreous detachment occurs when the gel around the eye separates from the retina. This can naturally occur with age. However, if it occurs too rapidly, it can cause photopsia which manifests in flashes and floaters in the vision. Typically, the flashes and floaters go away in a few months.