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Criminal justice is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of committing crimes. The criminal justice system is a series of government agencies and institutions. Goals include the rehabilitation of offenders, preventing other crimes, and moral support for victims.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to criminal justice: Criminal justice – system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control , deterring and mitigating crime , or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts.
Depending on the crimes that the colonists committed, there were plenty of punishments to choose from. Most of the punishments were public, where heavy use of shame and shaming was included. Through the method of shaming, the criminal justice system meant more to teach a lesson than simply punish the offender. The "criminal" was almost always male.
The earliest known criminal code was the Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100 – c. 2050 BC), [41] and the first known criminal code that incorporated retaliatory justice was the Code of Hammurabi. [42] The latter influenced the conception of crime across several civilizations over the following millennia.
Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction is a book written by Frank Schmalleger. It is intended to serve as an introductory text in the study of the American criminal justice system. There have been eight editions with the latest written in 2010. [1] The text is printed by Prentice Hall and Pearson Education. The publisher is Jeff Johnston.
The introduction of these safeguards is designed to influence the potential offender's view of the risks and benefits of committing the crime. A criminal act is usually performed if the offender decides that there is little or no risk attached to the act.
Law enforcement agency – government agency responsible for enforcement of laws.Outside North America, such organizations are called police services. In North America, some of these services are called police while some have other names (e.g. sheriff's office/department; investigative police services in the United States are often called bureaus (e.g. FBI, USMS, ICE, CBP, ATF, DEA, USSS etc.).
Comparative criminal justice is a subfield of the study of Criminal justice that compares justice systems worldwide. Such study can take a descriptive, historical, or political approach. [ 1 ] It studies the similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment and emphasis on rights as well as the history and political stature of ...