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Unwarranted variation (or geographic variation) in health care service delivery refers to medical practice pattern variation that cannot be explained by illness, medical need, or the dictates of evidence-based medicine. It is one of the causes of low value care often ignored by health systems.
The NOC is a system to evaluate the effects of nursing care as a part of the nursing process. The NOC contains 330 outcomes, and each with a label, a definition, and a set of indicators and measures to determine achievement of the nursing outcome and are included The terminology is an American Nurses' Association -recognized terminology, is ...
The information required for practice-based evidence is of three sorts: context (e.g. case mix), intervention (treatment) and outcomes (change). [7] Some mental health services are developing a practice-based evidence culture with the routine measurement of clinical outcomes [8] [9] and creating behavioral health outcomes management programs.
An example of a risk diagnosis is: Risk for shock. Health promotion diagnosis A clinical judgment about a person's, family's or community's motivation and desire to increase wellbeing and actualise human health potential as expressed in the readiness to enhance specific health behaviours, and can be used in any health state.
Specific to public health policy, a determinant is a health risk that is general, abstract, related to inequalities, and difficult for an individual to control. [2] [3] [4] For example, poverty is known to be a determinant of an individual's standard of health. Risk factors may be used to identify high-risk people.
Health care quality is the degree to which health care services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes. [2] Quality of care plays an important role in describing the iron triangle of health care relationships between quality, cost, and accessibility of health care within a community. [3]
The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: "structure", "process", and "outcomes". [2]
Frequently used measures of risk and benefit identified by Jerkel, Katz and Elmore, [4] describe measures of risk difference (attributable risk), rate difference (often expressed as the odds ratio or relative risk), population attributable risk (PAR), and the relative risk reduction, which can be recalculated into a measure of absolute benefit ...