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The remaining material is then thought to form planets and other planetary system objects. Most nebulae are of vast size; some are hundreds of light-years in diameter. A nebula that is visible to the human eye from Earth would appear larger, but no brighter, from close by. [6]
The magnetised material in these protoplanetary jets is rotating and comes from a wide area in the protostellar disk. [1] Bipolar outflows are also ejected from evolved stars, such as proto-planetary nebulae, planetary nebulae, and post-AGB stars. Direct imaging of proto-planetary nebulae and planetary nebulae has shown the presence of outflows ...
A dark nebula or absorption nebula is a type of interstellar cloud, particularly molecular clouds, that is so dense that it obscures the visible wavelengths of light from objects behind it, such as background stars and emission or reflection nebulae.
A protoplanetary nebula or preplanetary nebula [1] (PPN, plural PPNe) is an astronomical object which is at the short-lived episode during a star's rapid evolution between the late asymptotic giant branch (LAGB) phase and the subsequent planetary nebula (PN) phase. A PPN emits strongly in infrared radiation, and is a kind of reflection nebula.
The heating of the disk is primarily caused by the viscous dissipation of turbulence in it and by the infall of the gas from the nebula. [39] [40] The high temperature in the inner disk causes most of the volatile material—water, organics, and some rocks—to evaporate, leaving only the most refractory elements like iron. The ice can survive ...
Planetary nebulae, represented here by the Ring Nebula, are examples of emission nebulae. An emission nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths. The most common source of ionization is high-energy ultraviolet photons emitted from a nearby hot star .
It might seem like a simple question. But the science behind a blue sky isn't that easy. For starters, it involves something called the Rayleigh effect, or Rayleigh scattering. But that same ...
The dissociation caused by UV photons is the main mechanism for transforming molecular material back to the atomic state inside the cloud. [12] Molecular content in a region of a molecular cloud can change rapidly due to variation in the radiation field and dust movement and disturbance. [13] The star T Tauri with NGC 1555 cloud nearby.