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Discrimination also impacts health by inducing negative emotions and lowering self-control, [7] which in turn increases participation in unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, [15] [16] alcohol and substance use, [17] reduced physical activity, [11] and overeating.
There are many ways mental health can effects an adolescents directly and indirectly. Lower grades, conflicts with parents and a lack of social relationship are few of the indirect ways a child can be effects. Whereas, changes in mood states, is one sign of a direct effect of mental health on adolescents. [43]
Stigma and shame is also felt by the mother of African American youth who endorsement the item “If I took my child to a professional for help with emotional or behavioral problems, I think people in my community would find out” [13] (Murry et al., 2011, p. 1124). Similarly, 16% of Black mothers reported the fear of judgment (e.g., what ...
Stigma against those with mental health disorders can be seen through stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. [22] This stigma can come from the public (those without the disorder) and by oneself (those with the disorder). [23] Both public and self-stigma can diminish the self-esteem of those with mental health disorders; especially children.
Corrigan et al. 2014 outlines three levels of stigma – public stigma that results from label avoidance, self-stigma that results from self-shame, and structural stigma. [67] Given these varying structures of stigma and a person's varying interactions with them, the avoidance for care seeking and participation behaviors may vary vastly.
Similarly, minority stress research has revealed that internalized stigma (i.e., distaste for one's own minority group) is associated with negative psychological outcomes. From these findings, clinicians have developed some interventions to decrease internalized stigma and improve well-being for minority individuals.
Additionally, family shame is also a predictor of avoiding treatment. Research showed that people with psychiatric diagnoses were more likely to avoid services if they believed family members would have a negative reaction to said services. [71] Hence, public stigma can influence self-stigma, which has been shown to decrease treatment involvement.
Whether effects be negative or positive in nature, 'labeling' people causes a significant change in individual perception (of persons with the disease). Perhaps a mutual understanding of stigma, achieved through education, could eliminate social stigma entirely.