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Alkenes can be made from alcohols by dehydration. This conversion, among others, is used in converting biomass to liquid fuels. [2] The conversion of ethanol to ethylene is a fundamental example: [3] [4] CH 3 CH 2 OH → H 2 C=CH 2 + H 2 O. The reaction is accelerated by acid catalysts such as sulfuric acid and certain zeolites.
Sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride, and gives hydrogen chloride gas and sodium bisulfate: NaCl + H 2 SO 4 → NaHSO 4 + HCl. When combined with nitric acid, sulfuric acid acts both as an acid and a dehydrating agent, forming the nitronium ion NO + 2, which is important in nitration reactions involving electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Category: Dehydrating agents. 7 languages. ... Sulfuric acid This page was last edited on 29 March 2013, at 17:00 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative ...
Dehydrating agent may refer to: a chemical compound used to drive a dehydration reaction; a desiccant, a substance that absorbs moisture from its surroundings
This occurs because hydration of concentrated sulfuric acid is strongly thermodynamically favorable, with a standard enthalpy of reaction of −880 kJ/mol. The dehydration process exhibits itself as the rapid carbonisation of common organic materials, especially carbohydrates, when they enter in contact with sulfuric acid. [12]
The carbon snake is a demonstration of the dehydration reaction of sugar by concentrated sulfuric acid. With concentrated sulfuric acid, granulated table sugar performs a degradation reaction which changes its form to a black solid-liquid mixture. [1] The carbon snake experiment can sometimes be misidentified as the black snake, "sugar snake ...
frequently used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent Sodium nitrite: used to convert amines into diazo compounds Sulfuric acid: strong mineral acid; applications include its use as a dehydrating agent in many chemical reactions, sulfonation, the purification of hydrocarbons, and the production of phosphoric acid tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
Like concentrated sulfuric acid, oleum is such a strong dehydrating agent that if poured onto powdered glucose, or virtually any other sugar, it will draw the hydrogen elements of water out of the sugar in an exothermic reaction, leaving a residue of nearly pure carbon as a solid. This carbon expands outward, hardening as a solid black ...