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Phenylacetylene is a prototypical terminal acetylene, undergoing many reactions expected of that functional group. It undergoes semi hydrogenation over Lindlar catalyst to give styrene . In the presence of base and copper(II) salts, it undergoes oxidative coupling to give diphenylbutadiyne . [ 6 ]
The Hay coupling is variant of the Glaser coupling. It relies on the TMEDA complex of copper(I) chloride to activate the terminal alkyne. Oxygen (air) is used in the Hay variant to oxidize catalytic amounts of Cu(I) to Cu(II) throughout the reaction, as opposed to a stoichiometric amount of Cu(II) used in the Eglington variant. [7]
In organic chemistry, the Arndt–Eistert reaction is the conversion of a carboxylic acid to its homologue. It is named for the German chemists Fritz Arndt (1885–1969) and Bernd Eistert (1902–1978). The method entails treating an acid chlorides with diazomethane. It is a popular method of producing β-amino acids from α-amino acids. [1]
It is a member of the diyne chemical class and can be made via the Glaser coupling of phenylacetylene [2] However, a variety of other synthesis methods have been developed. [3] [4] Diphenylbutadiyne forms a variety of metal-alkyne complexes. One example is the organonickel complex (C 5 H 5 Ni) 4 C 4 (C 6 H 5) 2. [5]
In organic chemistry, an addition reaction is an organic reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule called the adduct. [1] [2] An addition reaction is limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds. Examples include a molecule with a carbon–carbon double bond (an alkene) or a triple bond (an alkyne).
In the breakdown of a compound into its constituent parts, the generalized reaction for chemical decomposition is: AB → A + B (AB represents the reactant that begins the reaction, and A and B represent the products of the reaction) An example is the electrolysis of water to the gases hydrogen and oxygen: 2 H 2 O(l) → 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)
Glycoside hydrolases can also be classified according to the stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis reaction: thus they can be classified as either retaining or inverting enzymes. [6] Glycoside hydrolases can also be classified as exo or endo acting, dependent upon whether they act at the (usually non-reducing) end or in the middle ...
The reaction is general, thus a vast number of such species are known. Phosphites are employed in the Perkow reaction and the Michaelis–Arbuzov reaction. They also serve as ligands in organometallic chemistry. Intermediate between phosphites and phosphines are phosphonites (P(OR) 2 R') and phosphinite (P(OR)R' 2).
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