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Being a widely available reagent, TsCl has been heavily examined from the perspective of reactivity. It is used in dehydrations to make nitriles, isocyanides and diimides. [2] In an unusual reaction focusing on the sulfur center, zinc reduces TsCl to the sulfinate, CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 Na. [4]
Transition state theory explains the dynamics of reactions. The theory is based on the idea that there is an equilibrium between the activated complex and reactant molecules. The theory incorporates concepts from collision theory, which states that for a reaction to occur, reacting molecules must collide with a minimum energy and correct ...
Tosyl group (blue) with a generic "R" group attached Tosylate group with a generic "R" group attached. Note the extra oxygen, compared to plain tosyl. In organic chemistry, a toluenesulfonyl group (tosyl group, abbreviated Ts or Tos [nb 1]) is a univalent functional group with the chemical formula −SO 2 −C 6 H 4 −CH 3.
To correct for this, variational transition state theory varies the location of the dividing surface that defines a successful reaction in order to minimize the rate for each fixed energy. [ 25 ] The rate expressions obtained in this microcanonical treatment can be integrated over the energy, taking into account the statistical distribution ...
The combination leads to a standard set of curves in which reaction progress is read from right to left along the x-axis and reaction rate is read from bottom to top along the y-axis. [2] While these plots often provide a visually compelling demonstration of basic kinetic trends, differential methods are generally superior for extracting ...
In chemistry, the rate equation (also known as the rate law or empirical differential rate equation) is an empirical differential mathematical expression for the reaction rate of a given reaction in terms of concentrations of chemical species and constant parameters (normally rate coefficients and partial orders of reaction) only. [1]
Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate.
The process of chemical reaction can be considered as involving the diffusion of reactants until they encounter each other in the right stoichiometry and form an activated complex which can form the product species. The observed rate of chemical reactions is, generally speaking, the rate of the slowest or "rate determining" step.