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Note that the especially high molar values, as for paraffin, gasoline, water and ammonia, result from calculating specific heats in terms of moles of molecules. If specific heat is expressed per mole of atoms for these substances, none of the constant-volume values exceed, to any large extent, the theoretical Dulong–Petit limit of 25 J⋅mol ...
The hartree (symbol: E h), also known as the Hartree energy, is the unit of energy in the atomic units system, named after the British physicist Douglas Hartree. Its CODATA recommended value is E h = 4.359 744 722 2060 (48) × 10 −18 J [ 1 ] = 27.211 386 245 981 (30) eV .
Hartree defined units based on three physical constants: [1]: 91 Both in order to eliminate various universal constants from the equations and also to avoid high powers of 10 in numerical work, it is convenient to express quantities in terms of units, which may be called 'atomic units', defined as follows:
51.1 kJ/mol Std entropy change of sublimation at 273.15 K, 1 bar, Δ sub S ~144 J/(mol·K) Molal freezing point constant: −1.858 °C kg/mol Molal boiling point constant: 0.512 °C kg/mol Solid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o solid: −291.83 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o solid: 41 J/(mol K) Heat capacity, c p: 12.2 ...
A closely related property of a substance is the heat capacity per mole of atoms, or atom-molar heat capacity, in which the heat capacity of the sample is divided by the number of moles of atoms instead of moles of molecules. So, for example, the atom-molar heat capacity of water is 1/3 of its molar heat capacity, namely 25.3 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol ...
In monatomic gases (like argon) at room temperature and constant volume, volumetric heat capacities are all very close to 0.5 kJ⋅K −1 ⋅m −3, which is the same as the theoretical value of 3 / 2 RT per kelvin per mole of gas molecules (where R is the gas constant and T is temperature). As noted, the much lower values for gas heat ...
Water: 5.536 0.03049 Xenon: 4.250 0.05105 Units. 1 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 1 m 6 ·Pa/mol 2 = 10 L 2 ·bar/mol 2. 1 L 2 atm/mol 2 = 0.101325 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 0.101325 Pa·m 6 ...
, , and are the usual agents of a chemical equation with coefficients and is a positive or negative numerical value, which generally has units of kJ/mol. Another equation may include the symbol E {\displaystyle E} to denote energy; E {\displaystyle E} 's position determines whether the reaction is considered endothermic (energy-absorbing) or ...